Kwixesha lanamhlanje ledijithali, imfuno yezikrini zokubonisa eziphilileyo kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu iye yanda kakhulu. Enye yezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeephaneli zokubonisa ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zombane ezahlukeneyo yiThin-Film Transistor (TFT) iiphaneli zesikrini sombala. Ezi phaneli zibonelela ngokubonakalayo okumangalisayo kunye nokumelwa kombala ngokuchanekileyo, kubenza babe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwii-smartphones, iitafile, iithelevishini, kunye nezinye izicelo ezininzi. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga kuhlelo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza we-TFT iiphaneli zesikrini sombala ukunika ukuqonda okubanzi kokusebenza kwazo.
Iiphaneli zesikrini sombala we-TFT zinokuhlelwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili ngokusekwe kubuchwephesha obusetyenzisiweyo: Iiphaneli ze-In-Plane Switching (IPS) kunye ne-Twisted Nematic (TN). Zombini ezi ntlobo zineempawu ezizodwa kwaye zisebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, zinegalelo kwiyantlukwano ngokubanzi kushishino lokubonisa.
Ukuqala ngeepaneli ze-IPS, ziyaziwa ngokuvelisa umbala ophezulu kunye nee-engile zokujonga ngokubanzi. Le teknoloji isebenzisa ilungiselelo lekristale yolwelo evumela ukukhanya ukuba kudlule ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, okukhokelela kwimibala echanekileyo necacileyo. Iiphaneli ze-IPS zibonelela ngokuchaneka kombala ngokungaguqukiyo nokuba yeyiphi na i-engile yokujonga, ibenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kubafoti abachwepheshile, abayili begraphic, kunye nabantu abafuna amava okubonwa akumgangatho ophezulu.
Kwelinye icala, iiphaneli zeTN zidume ngamaxesha azo okuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye namaxabiso afikelelekayo. Le teknoloji isebenzisa iikristale zolwelo ezijijekileyo xa kungekho mbane usetyenziswayo, ukuthintela ukukhanya. Xa i-voltage isetyenziswa, iikristale zolwelo zingajiki, zivumela ukukhanya kudlule kwaye kuvelise umbala ofunekayo. Iiphaneli zeTN ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zomgangatho wokungena njengoko zinendleko kwaye zibonelela ngokuveliswa kombala okwamkelekileyo kwizicelo zemihla ngemihla.
Ngoku, masingene kumgaqo wokusebenza we-TFT iiphaneli zesikrini sombala, sigxile kwitekhnoloji ye-IPS njengoko ifumene ukuthandwa okukhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngaphakathi kwiphaneli ye-IPS, kukho iileya ezininzi ezinoxanduva lokubonisa okubonwayo ngokuchanekileyo nangokunamandla.
Umaleko we-backlight, obekwe ngasemva kwephaneli, ukhupha ukukhanya okumhlophe okudlula kwi-polarizer. I-polarizer ivumela kuphela ukukhanya okujikelezayo kwicala elithile ukuba kudlule, okukhokelela ekukhanyeni kwe-linearly polarized. Oku kukhanya kwepolarized emva koko kufikelela kwi-substrate yeglasi yokuqala, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-substrate yokucoca ngombala, equlethe izihluzi zombala ezincinci ezibomvu, eziluhlaza, kunye neblue (RGB). Ipixel nganye ihambelana nomnye wale mibala iphambili kwaye ivumela kuphela umbala wayo ukuba ugqithe.
Ukulandela i-substrate yesihluzi sombala ngumaleko wekristale yolwelo, efakwe phakathi kweglasi ezimbini. Iikristale zolwelo kwiiphaneli ze-IPS zilungelelaniswe ngokuthe tye kwimeko yazo yendalo. I-substrate yesibini yeglasi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-backplane ye-TFT, iqulethe ii-transistors zefilimu ezincinci ezisebenza njengokutshintsha kweepikseli nganye. Ipixel nganye ineepixels ezincinci ezinokuvula okanye zicime ngokuxhomekeke kumbala ofunekayo.
Ukulawula ukulungelelaniswa kweekristale ze-liquid, intsimi yombane isetyenziswe kwii-transistors zefilimu encinci. Xa i-voltage isetyenzisiwe, i-transistors-film-film encinci isebenza njengeetshintshi ezivumela i-current ukuba ihambe, ilungelelanisa iikristale zolwelo ngokuthe nkqo. Kulo mmandla, ukukhanya kwepolarized okugqithiswe ngeefilitha zemibala kuphothiweyo ngee-degrees ezingama-90, ukuvumela ukuba kudlule kwi-substrate yesibini yeglasi. Olu kukhanya lujijekileyo emva koko lufikelela kwi-polarizer ephezulu, lulungelelaniswe ngokuthe ngqo ukuya kwesezantsi, okukhokelela ekujikelezweni kokukhanya kwepolarized kubuyele kwindawo yayo yokuqala. Olu tshintsho lwenza ukuba ukukhanya kudlule, kubangele umbala ofunekayo.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeepaneli ze-IPS kukukwazi ukubonelela ngokuzala kombala okuhambelanayo kunye nee-engile zokujonga ngokubanzi. Ngenxa yokulungelelaniswa kweekristale zolwelo, iiphaneli ze-IPS zivumela ukukhanya ukuba kudlulise ngokulinganayo, okukhokelela kwimibala efanayo kuwo wonke umboniso. Ukongezelela, ii-angles zokujonga ngokubanzi ziqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezibonakalayo zihlala zinyanisekile kwimibala yazo yangaphambili, nangona zijongwa kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuqukumbela, iiphaneli zesikrini sombala we-TFT, ngakumbi i-IPS kunye neetekhnoloji ze-TN, ziguqule ishishini lokubonisa ngembonakalo yazo emangalisayo kunye nezicelo eziguquguqukayo. Iiphaneli ze-IPS zigqwesa ngokuchaneka kombala kunye nee-engile zokujonga ezibanzi, zizenza zilungele usetyenziso lobungcali. Iiphaneli ze-TN, kwelinye icala, zibonelela ngamaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, ukulungiselela iimfuno zabasebenzisi bemihla ngemihla. Ngokuqonda ulwahlulo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza we-TFT iipaneli zesikrini sombala, sinokubuxabisa ubunzima obusemva kwezixhobo eziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu kweli xesha ledijithali.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-14-2023